The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)

[Michael Grove]

 was created in response to the Soviet launching of Sputnik 1, following its

 authorisation by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1958, for the purpose

 of forming a body to enable the execution of research and development

 projects to expand the frontiers of technology and science in no dissimilar

 manner than the MIT Radlab had been created during WWII, following

 Vannevar Bush's suggestion to President Roosevelt of an urgent meeting

 with Winston Churchill and the team responsible for the very creation of

 the 10cm Magnetron, which enabled the advanced use of RADAR that

 undoubtedly contributed to the defeat of the NAZISM and subsequently

 the NAZI-JAPANESE alliance.

 As Ed Catmull has written in his epic book CREATIVITY, INC.

"Though it was housed within the Defense Department, its mission was

 ostensibly peaceful: to support scientific researchers in America's universities

 in the hopes of preventing what it termed "technological surprise." By way of

 sponsoring our best minds, the architects of ARPA believed, we'd come up with

 better answers. Looking back, I still admire that enlightened reaction to a

 serious threat: WE'LL JUST HAVE TO GET SMARTER. ARPA would have a

 profound effect on America, leading directly to the computer revolution and

 the Internet, among countless other innovations. There was a sense that big

 things were happening in America, with much more to come. Life was full of

 possibility. In fact, one of ARPA's proudest achievements was linking

 universities with something called "ARPANET," which would eventually evolve

 into the INTERNET [of interconnecting networks] • the first four nodes of the 

ARPANET were at Stanford Research Institute, UCLA, UC Santa Barbara, and

 the U of U, so I had a ringside seat from which to observe this grand

 experiment, and what I saw influenced me profoundly."

[Michael Grove]

Hidden beneath the streets of Westminster

Few places in the world transport you back to the Second World War quite so effectively as Churchill War Rooms, where every corner and corridor has a story to tell. Walk in the footsteps of Churchill and glimpse what life would have been like during the tense days and nights of the Second World War. 

Tour these rooms and find yourself completely immersed in the past of this crucial site in world history.

[Michael Grove]

[AT] long last Bob Metcalfe, has [NOW] been finally and rightfully acknowledged for his ETHERNET invention, which was utilised by ARPA as the very foundation, of it's ARPANET-initiative which was utilised to establish the backbone of the original World Wide Web.