–1945 McClintock planted corn kernels that were self-pollinated, meaning that the flowers were pollinated by the silk of their own plant. These kernels came from a long line of plants that had been self-pollinated, causing broken arms on the end of their ninthchromosome. As the maize plants began to grow, McClintock noted unusual colour patterns on the leaves. For example, one leaf had two albino patches of almost identical size, located side by side on the leaf. McClintock hypothesized that during cell division certain cells lost genetic material, while others gained what they had lost. However, when comparing the chromosomes of the current generation of plants and their parent generation, she found certain parts of the chromosomes had switched positions on the chromosome. She disproved the popular genetic theory of the time that genes were fixed in their position on a chromosome. McClintock found that genes could not only move, but they could also be turned on or off due to certain environmental conditions or during different stages of cell development. McClintock also showed that gene mutations could be reversed. McClintock presented her report on her findings in 1951, and published an article on her discoveries in Genetics in November 1953 entitled, ″Induction of Instability at Selected Loci in Maize.″
Her work would be largely dismissed and ignored until the late 1960s-1970s when it would be rediscovered after TEs were found in bacteria. She was awarded a Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 1983 for her discovery of TEs, more than thirty years after her research and initial discovery.
TEs are more common than usually thought. Approximately 90% of
maize genome is made up of TEs, and 50% in the human genome.…
s mind-blowing for me, as a dyslexic 3D thinker, because my own vision as a child was of a future time when we would be able to personally experience a simulation of the reality such that we would not be able to tell the difference between the simulation and the reality.
Many moons later in California, whilst speaking to the female dyslexic designer of the very latest Silicon Graphics workstation - I was introduced to Thomas West's epic book IN THE MIND's EYE - as a result of which I helped to set up an event of the same name.
Most of the 73 exhibitors were
members of the ADT - otherwise
known as the Arts Dyslexia Trust
and the idea was to present work,
not only from the fine arts, but
from designers of all kinds
including scientists and engineers.
…
Added by Michael Grove at 7:32 on September 12, 2013
ion at Hand and the inevitable question proposed - What Infrastucture? - I would draw your attention to my zBlog Success Has Many Parents - in which I referred to a conversation with Kenneth Baker during 1982, about the potential development of interactive multimedia communications, when I said that - the archives of the BBC were worth more to the British nation than all the country’s coal deposits and that in order to “mine” that wealth, an appropriate industrial infrastructure would have to be established before the information could be put into information technology and subsequently distributed in a form that would be useful to all potential users.
I was first struck by the potential of small scale simulation systems, as an air traffic controller, during the 1970's and subsequently worked as a consultant to Acorn Computers and the BBC and thence Apple and the development of a CIM Product Simulator in collaboration with Surrey University. …